The Mind Of A Serial Killer Essays - Murder, Crime, Psychopathy

The Mind Of A Serial Killer Essays - Murder, Crime, Psychopathy The Mind Of A Serial Killer Sequential MURDER: Over the most recent three decades the USA has been grieved by a moving toward issue, the sequential executioner. A sequential executioner is an individual who kills various individuals, generally viewed as more than five, with a chilling period between each murder, typically one homicide at one given time). Two killings one after another every so often occur and these homicides may continue for a time of months or years until the executioner is gotten. All through the most recent three decades the US sequential executioner rate has increased 94% and it is evaluated that by the following thousand years it will guarantee a normal of 11 lives per day. Sequential Murder is a scourge; there are at any rate 35 sequential executioners dynamic in the USA today who guarantee 33% of the yearly homicide rate. The USA has 6% of the total populace yet it has seventy five percent of every single sequential executioner. Not exclusively are sequential executioners showing up in more numbers in the US yet in addition everywhere throughout the world nations are threatened by sequential executioners, which are showing up in more numbers year and year after. Executioner TRAIT: A sequential executioner is a regular white male, 20-30, and the greater part of them are ordinarily in the USA. Their primary intentions are sex (despite the fact that the demonstration of sex could conceivably occur), power, control, mastery and control. The sex thought process is generally assault for a sorted out executioner and perversion for a complicated executioner. They act in a progression of at least 5 homicides with a chilling period between each murder. Sequential executioners can continue for a considerable length of time and years before they are normally gotten. The casualty is generally the equivalent for each executioner - prostitute, drifter and so forth. Their casualties may likewise have the equivalent or comparable traits in sex, age, race, general look, home and so on. Sequential executioners additionally stay by their business as usual intently and may transform it with experience. Most homicides happen by strangulation, suffocation, cutting and so on. Sequential executioners act by a sex-murder dream based with their control, they typically live in this fantasy world in their youngsters until they act it out for genuine when they get into the grown-up stage. As each murder happens a sequential executioner might be baffled by his homicide dream and may act it out again to accomplish it to there own fulfillment. Qualities OF A SERIAL KILLER: 1. Killings are independent ('sequential'), happening with more prominent or less recurrence, regularly raising over some stretch of time, here and there years, and will proceed until the executioner is arrested, kicks the bucket, or is himself/herself killed. 2. In the same manner as ordinary manslaughters, slaughtering will in general be one on one. There are examples anyway where a sequential executioner has struck down more than one casualty in a solitary episode. 3. There is no (or almost no) past association between the culprit and the person in question; the people included once in a while being connected. 4. In spite of the fact that there might be an 'example' or 'casualty quality', singular killings inside an arrangement once in a while show an obviously characterized or levelheaded intention. 5. An undeniably more noteworthy spatial versatility (since the appearance of the vehicle) has empowered executioners (on the off chance that they wish) to move quickly starting with one spot then onto the next, frequently before a homicide has even been found. 6. There is normally a high level of repetitive viciousness, or a 'pointless excess', where the casualty is exposed to a lopsided degree of severity. Thought processes: These are the thought processes a sequential executioner may show (a few executioners show different intentions): Visionaries - Acts because of voices and is told by these voices to play out the demonstration of homicide. These executioners are generally schizophrenic and crazy. Preachers - They think it is their duty to free society of undesirable components. Gluttons - Kill since murder causes them delight. Desire Killers - Kill for sexual delight with acts that are typically perverted. Rush Killers - Kill due to a craving for a rush or experience. Increase Killers - Kill for individual addition. The executioner plans the demonstration to require monetary benefit or materialistic products. While gain isn't the fundamental thought process in a homicide some sequential executioners have accepted the open door to take from their casualties for their very own

Management Case Study Essay Example for Free

The board Case Study Essay The contextual investigation beneath happens at the Sir Charles Wilberforce Hospital’s cafeteria, which is encountering issues with the change the board. Because of the new administration embraced by Keith Davis, there was a significant issue of insufficient correspondence channels, as Keith instructed his representatives as opposed to counsel them, particularly with the dynamic. The best choice to correct this issue is for Keith to adjust to a consultative administration style, with the end goal for representatives to take proprietorship in their working environment through communicating their assessments and feel increasingly esteemed, anyway as yet permitting Keith to in any case settle on an official conclusion. Another significant issue tended to in the Cafeteria was the measure of unmotivated staff. As representatives feel unsatisfied with their work, the best answer for this issue is Goal Setting. Through representatives defining vital objectives they will build their inspiration through accomplishment of these objectives which will lead them to set all the more testing ones. In conclusion, the third significant issue perceived was Keith’s poor authority abilities which made it hard for representatives to satisfy desires and discover happiness in the working environment. The best elective answer for this issue is to retrain Keith’s initiative capacities so he can embrace all the characteristics expected to improve as a pioneer in his overseeing job. In spite of the fact that this might be a costly strategy, the new initiative characteristics Keith will learn will make a more joyful workplace for his representatives and construct a superior business/worker relationship. 3. Issue distinguishing proof Poor correspondence channels Keith centers around top down correspondence channels, giving a single direction correspondence which is from him to his representatives, as opposed to two-way which furnishes his workers to discuss thoughts with him. This contrarily impacts the emergency clinic as the Keith can't talk about issues or pose inquiries among representatives to check whether there are any issues going on among the laborers and hence prompting work disappointment representatives. In spite of the fact that Keith attempted to calm Julia when the issue among her and Madison was drawn out into the open, he didn't tail it up or treat it as a significance. Absence of staff inspiration Prior to Keith’s overseeing, Anne’s unique establishments of smugness and close family attaches appeared to propel the workers at Sir Charles Wilberforce medical clinic. Keith’s changes were made to turn out to be increasingly effective, workers were left battling to pick up fulfillment and inspiration with the end goal for themselves to accomplish their chain of command of requirements (Maslow, 1954). In this progressive system of requirements Maslow created, workers have five needs, physiological, wellbeing, social, regard, and self-actualisation, when they satisfy one of their needs they can graduate to the following one to satisfy it, etc. Without satisfying the social needs of shaping social ties or self-actualisation of increasing enough understanding inside the kitchen to turn into a boss, it got obscure to the workers of what they are prepared to do and diminished their temptations to finish undertakings and feel fulfilled. Deficient administration capacities Keith needs significant authority characteristics, as the hierarchical format he utilizes is to instruct representatives, denying them of direction and backing. The Hersey Situations administration model proposes that authority centers around follower’s status (Hersey, Blanchard Johnson, 2001). This hypothesis proposes that at Sir Charles Wilberforce, if the representatives feel they can't finish an errand Keith should give those unmistakable and explicit guidelines. On the off chance that they are willing and certain Keith needs to give them show high assignment direction, and if workers feel capable yet are reluctant Keith would need to utilize a steady methodology. Absence of collaboration The cooperation condition of designating undertakings among of representatives was not tended to by Keith. He accepted that representatives expected to complete work on schedule, plan menus month to month and take on cleaning obligations, while, the utilization of cooperation would have given a more qualified time oversaw framework. Through having every representative help with cleaning obligations, arranging menus, assisting another if time was short just as helping each other to get all food out and made the kitchen would be less turbulent. This would have helped with issues on the off chance that somebody was sick, permitting more than one individual to plan more noteworthy segments of dinners. 4. Articulation of Major Problems The three significant issues that are brought to the consideration at Sir Charles Wilberforce Hospital are: Inadequate correspondence channels Unmotivated staff Deficient initiative capacities The poor correspondence channel Keith uses is top-down correspondence from Keith to his representatives. As this is a working environment that relies upon looking for thoughts from others and backing from one another, two path correspondences among Keith and his representatives is essential. This will permit representatives to feel some portion of the dynamic and feel they can share their plans to improve the work environment. Following this Keith should then improve his administration abilities, putting his representatives first and helping them with any assistance and bolster they need so as to accomplish a positive work environment. This may include Keith amending the organisation’s culture, or recognizing the quality and shortcoming of every representative so he realizes how to help every one of them. Once Keith’s administration capacities are improved, staff inspiration must be distinguished and given, with the end goal for representatives to get beneficial inside the kitchen and addition work fulfillment, expanding their capacities and permitting them to feel the need to work. 5. Age and Evaluation of Alternative Solutions Inadequate correspondence channels Regular work gatherings Set ordinary gatherings inside the kitchen, so as to worries among representatives to be talked about as we as assessment on how the business is going and transparently examine approaches to improve or look after it. Points of interest Allows for input Employees can tune in to each person’s thought and empowers conversation straightforwardly Evaluate the income to the earlier week and that time the earlier year, permitting every individual to propose approaches to improve or keep up their overall revenues. Disservices Some workers may not join in May be tedious to talk about all thoughts Consultative administration style Implement a Consultative administration style so as to expand two-way and open correspondence among Keith and the workers. Preferences Allows representatives to feel proprietorship in dynamic Allows workers to impart their thoughts and insights Gives certainty to representatives Disadvantages Employees may feel kept down to communicate their conclusions since they don't feel good Employees may feel irritated if their thoughts are not contemplated Time expending Unmotivated staff Goal defining Implement defining objectives, which include workers defining objectives that rouse them to improve their capacities. Preferences Gives vanity Increases efficiency and execution levels Disadvantages Time expending to recognize fitting and feasible objectives Goals ay show up as unreachable and lead to representatives to surrender Job structure Mr Dev can adjust the activity configuration to help with distinguishing and rectifying any inadequacies that influence execution and inspiration. Focal points Occupation growth, can be utilized to expand inspiration by giving representatives more and shifted assignments so the worker is inspiration to attempt new errands Job pivot permits a worker to work in various offices or employments in an association to increase better understanding into activities propelling the representative to build his/her aptitudes and information about different employments. Impediments Job improvement may lead the worker moved a lot of duty in the kitchen and autonomy in the arranging and control parts of the activity which may smother inspiration levels Reward and Recognition Assessing every worker to distinguish which individuals are performing to their most extreme, and compensating them monetarily or non-monetarily for their difficult work, subsequently propelling different representatives to improve their work principles. Points of interest Employees will expand execution to get more rewards Will deliver better expectations among the workers Self-advancement Disadvantages Expensive to continue buying rewards and reconsider every representative to perceive After some time representatives may feel that prizes may not spur them any longer Keith might not have any desire to attempt fulfilling and perceiving representatives Deficient initiative capacities Retrain Keith Retraining programs for Keith inside the organization or remotely will permit Keith to grow better authority characteristics and make a more joyful work environment. Points of interest Positively impacts workers to feel trust and backing from Keith can assess themselves regarding what aptitudes are relied upon to lead the representatives Disadvantages May take some time for Keith to learn and adjust to these abilities May be costly Dismiss Keith Dismissing Keith will crush the issue of poor authority capacities and will permit the business to supplant him with an increasingly experienced supervisor. Preferences Re-select another supervisor who have all right initiative aptitudes Employees are in a more joyful condition where they can get the help they need More time proper and productive than retraining Disadvantages May be elusive a substitution Employees may think that its difficult to adjust to another director and might be impervious to give them a possibility because of their awful involvement in Keith 6. Proposal Consultative administration style A Consultative administration style is the prescribed option for Keith to deliver to his representatives. The kind of the executives style utilized by Keith now is dictatorial, which includes him settling on choices for the medical clinic kitchen singularly. Albeit customary gatherings are a decent option by giving intercession and aide tow

The Effect of Hormones on Your Social Anxiety

The Effect of Hormones on Your Social Anxiety Social Anxiety Disorder Diagnosis Print How Hormones Play a Role in Social Anxiety By Arlin Cuncic Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder and 7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety. Learn about our editorial policy Arlin Cuncic Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on February 28, 2017 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on September 19, 2019 Social Anxiety Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children martin-dm / Getty Images In This Article Table of Contents Expand Increased Anxiety Reduced Anxiety Managing Hormones Hormone Therapy View All Did you know that that hormones and anxiety are related in certain ways, such that your hormones may have a relation to how anxious you feel? When hormone levels are too high or too low, this can influence neurotransmitters, resulting in problems such as increased anxiety. People who live with social anxiety disorder (SAD) may find that levels of certain hormones related to feelings of increased or decreased social anxiety. Hormones That May  Increase  Social Anxiety There are three categories of hormones that may influence your social anxiety: stress hormones, sex hormones, and thyroid hormones. Learning more about how these hormones affect your body and mind is the first step to managing the impact of hormones on your anxiety levels. Stress Hormones (Adrenaline, Cortisol) Stress hormones are  released in situations where you feel out of control, overwhelmed, or severe anxiety (such as during the fight-or-flight response), which can increase your social anxiety. When you experience a stressful social or performance situation, your body responds by releasing hormones like adrenaline and cortisol to help you cope with the threat and prepare you for action. However, in the face of no actual physical threat, excess levels of these hormones leave you feeling anxious, to the point that you may experience a panic attack or the feeling of needing to escape. This becomes a vicious cycle: your hormones cause anxiety, the anxiety causes more hormones to be released, and so on. Sex Hormones (Testosterone, Estrogen) Sex hormones may also play a role in how much anxiety you experience. Changing levels of the sex hormones estrogen and testosterone can affect your social anxiety. Too little testosterone has been linked with increased anxiety, while female sex hormones such as estrogen may also be linked to anxiety symptoms. This is why anxiety often peaks during times of hormonal change such as during puberty, at certain times of the menstrual cycle in women, and during menopause in women. Stress and sex hormones can also have a combined  effect on anxiety. For example, when you experience stress, cortisol increases, which slows your bodys ability to make testosterone. The combined effect of increased cortisol and lowered testosterone means you feel more anxious. If that isnt bad enough, testosterone has partial control of the release of cortisol, so when testosterone is lowered, cortisol is more likely to increase. You can see why anxiety is a cycle that feeds itselfâ€"and that breaking this cycle is key to overcoming your symptoms. Thyroid Hormones Finally, there is a third type of hormone that may influence your anxiety: thyroid hormones. An overactive thyroid can create anxiety in the form of physical symptoms such as increased heart rate, palpitations, shakiness, and increased sweating. If you live with a thyroid condition, this may make your social anxiety worse. Hormones That May Reduce Social Anxiety If you think hormones are all badâ€"think again! There are actually some ways in which certain levels of hormones can help to reduce your anxiety. Testosterone Just as too little testosterone may increase social anxiety, increased testosterone may help to reduce it. Administration of testosterone, a steroid hormone,  has been shown to reduce socially fearful, avoidant, and submissive behavior. Indeed, in general, men have half the reported rate of anxiety disorders as women; this may be partially due to the role of testosterone in levels of anxiety. Testosterone boosts the action of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) and serotonin. These two brain chemicals are related to social anxiety disorder. Testosterone also reduces the activity of the amygdala, which is the brain structure related to fear and that initiates the fight-or-flight reaction. Increased testosterone means you are working with an amygdala that responds more like a person without an anxiety disorder. Estrogen Estrogen is known to calm the fear response in women. Specifically, research has shown that women trained on a fear-extinction task do better when the level of estrogen in their blood is higher. As a female, you may have also noticed that your ability to feel calm and relaxed (versus anxious and afraid) is better at certain points during your menstrual cycle. Oxytocin Youve probably heard of the love or bonding hormone, oxytocin. This is a peptide hormone, which acts as both a hormone and a brain neurotransmitter. It is known as the love hormone because it is released during contact with a loved one. Oxytocin is made in the hypothalamus and transported and secreted by the pituitary gland at the base of the brain. Its release also helps with childbirth and breastfeeding. In terms of its relation to mental health, oxytocin is known to have an anti-anxiety effect and may help to relieve social anxiety. Research shows that oxytocin promotes relaxation, trust, and stability, all of which make it easier to manage social situations. In fact, studies are ongoing on the role of oxytocin and how it could be used in the treatment of social impairments (including the social implications of autism). Vasopressin Finally, vasopressin is a hormone that regulates the bodys fluid balance. In addition, it is involved in the regulation of anxiety, stress coping, and social behavior. Vasopressin is released within the hypothalamus and limbic areas of the brain. Some researchers think that a balance must be struck between oxytocin and vasopressin for optimal social functioning. Vasopressin is particularly related to social behavior, sexual motivation, pair bonding, and maternal responses to stress. Steps to Managing Hormones and Relieving Social Anxiety Although hormonal changes may be related to social anxiety, treatment with hormonal therapy is not currently a common recommendation. Instead, your best option is some form of traditional treatment for SAD (e.g., medication or therapy) as well as understanding and adapting to the role of hormones in your anxiety. What is not helpful is self-medicating. Try to avoid temporary fixes like sugar, alcohol, smoking cigarettes,  or other substances that give you a quick feel-good surge but dont solve the long-term anxiety problem. Below are six tips to get you started: 1. You can increase your levels of testosterone and oxytocin naturally! These are things that are easy to do, but that you have to make a commitment to following through with. Increase testosterone by doing the following: Getting regular exerciseEating a balanced dietMinimizing stress (and therefore testosterone-depleting cortisol)Taking a multivitaminGet enough sleep each night Increase oxytocin by doing the following: Cuddling with a loved oneListening carefully when others speakBeing generous toward others (giving gifts)Trying metta meditation, which involves meditation designed to inspire love and kindness toward othersGoing on social mediaPetting a dog or cat 2. Use cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) techniques to learn new patterns of responding to anxiety. Over time, neural pathways in your brain will change, which will help to reduce your anxious responses to stressful situations. 3. If you have a thyroid condition that may be affecting your anxiety level, ask your doctor whether the two could be related and how treating your thyroid condition may help. 4. If you are female, learn how variations in hormones over your life and during the course of a month may influence anxious feelings. Just knowing how hormones may be affecting you may help you to stop and think: This situation is not causing my anxiety; my body is reacting to change in hormones,  which may allow you to take a step back and accept your feelings for what they are. 5. Research shows that adopting a strong pose (such as the Wonder Woman pose, with feet hip-width apart and hands on hips) for a few minutes may lead to increased testosterone and feelings of confidence, which in turn will help to lower social anxiety. 6. Take natural supplements that may help to lower stress levels (and cortisol) such as  ashwagandha. Note, however, that these type of supplements are not regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and have not been tested by this regulatory body for safety and efficacy. Is Hormone Therapy for Social Anxiety Possible? While it may sound fanciful that one day we might treat anxiety disorders with hormone therapy, the truth is that research on this topic is already happening. In one study, it was shown that women exposed to trauma who were administered female sex hormones (in the form of the morning-after pill, after a sexual assault) were less likely to develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after the event. This fascinating and ground-breaking research is likely to lead to advances in the area of hormone treatment of anxiety. It isnt that much of a stretch to imagine that this new understanding of the role of hormones in anxiety and fear could lead to treatments that relate to hormones. At present, however, beyond treating an underlying thyroid condition, or hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for problems related to menopause in women, your doctor is not likely to prescribe hormone treatment that will help to improve social anxiety. A Word From Verywell The best approach to managing social anxiety in light of the influence of your hormones is to understand natural fluctuations and  learn ways to boost hormones that help to reduce anxiety. However, if severe social anxiety is a problem for you and you have not sought diagnosis or treatment, its best to visit your family doctor for a referral to a mental health specialist. Effective treatments such as medication and CBT can be helpful in managing SAD that has gotten out of control. Rememberâ€"your anxiety does not define you and is not who you are. You can move past it with the right help. While hormones may be involved, you are not destined to live with social anxiety for the rest of your life. The 7 Best Online Anxiety Support Groups

World War II Group Captain Sir Douglas Bader Biography

Leadership And The Tao Of The Epic Of Gilgamesh - 1665 Words

[Leadership and the Tao] [Bryan M. Smith Sr] [Temple University] [Course Name Or Number] [Course Name Or Number] [Due Date] Abstract Leadership and the Tao Introduction Among any group of people, there is a leader selected over. This person acts as the guide, a protector, and the example for the people to follow. Sadly, this person is not always the one best suited for the job. The qualities of this leader is the lifeblood for the survival of the people they are appointed over. There are many examples of good and bad leadership throughout history. When the leader has outstanding leadership qualities, the people will flourish. When the leader has poor leader, the people will suffer. Úta-napà ­shti is the greatest example of Leadership and the Tao in the Epic of Gilgà ¡mesh. This essay will demonstrate what good leadership is versus bad. This essay will compare the leadership styles of Úta-napà ­shti who saved humanity from the great flood, Gilgà ¡mesh, king of the city of Úruk. This essay will also define leadership, the way of the Tao. Lastly this Essay will show how Úta-napà ­shti s leadership compared to other leaders in the epic and summarize all the key points of the Essay. â€Å"The Immortal† Úta-napà ­shti Uta-napishti, survivor of the Flood, is a God that lives . He is the son of Úbar-Tutu lived in a city named Shuruppak and is a forefather of Gilgà ¡mesh, the king of Uruk. Úta-napà ­shti was commanded by Princely Ea to abandon all his possessions and construct aShow MoreRelatedAncient History Practice Test Essay2381 Words   |  10 PagesZarathustra. True 10. Ahura Mazda was a Persian god. True 11. Ziggurats were Mesopotamian cigar smoking houses. False 12. Beer was way to preserve grain in Mesopotamia. True 13. Sargon the Great was a Hittite. False 14. Gilgamesh was the hero of a Sumerian epic myth. True 15. Marduk was the god of storms. True 16. Memphis was in Egypt. True 17. Cyrus the Great died of old age in his own bed. False 18. Azazel was the desert demon of the Hebrews. True 19. Barrack was the general

Comm 399 Assignment 2 Free Essays

Comm 399- 204 Question 1: a) The flow unit for the above steps is patients. b) The resources needed for: i) pre-surgery examination and orientation are the blood and urine test equipment, dinner supplies, tea and cookies and a bed. ii) surgery are the anesthetic, operating table, supplies, operating room, a surgeon iii) recovery are a wheel chair, cookies and tea and a bed. We will write a custom essay sample on Comm 399 Assignment 2 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Question 2 a) The weekly throughput rate of the hospital is 120 patients/ week b) The average bed utilization is 450/ 630 = 71% c) | 90| 90| 90| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 60| | | | 60| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 30| 30| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Mond| Tues| Wed| Thurs| Fri| Sat| Sun| Question 3 a) The average bed utilization would be 540/ 630= 86%. b) | 90| 90| 90| 90| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 60| | | | | 60| 60| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Mond| Tues| Wed| Thurs| Fri| Sat| Sun| Question 4 a) Yes more capacity does need to be added to the facility. The bottleneck resource is the available beds and this directly affects the throughput rate. By increasing the number of available beds the hospital can admit more patients and operate on more of them leading to an increased throughput rate. b) My suggestion would be to first add an additional operation room so the throughput rate of operations from doctors could match that of the operating rooms available at 48 per day. Then I would suggest adding additional beds adding up to as many as 54 [ (48-30) *3 ]. This would maximize the number or patients able to be operated on and take care of, reaching the capacity rate for the different stages. How to cite Comm 399 Assignment 2, Papers

Its Not Too Late to Apply to College

It’s not too late to apply to college, after all. Though it might come as a surprise, over 300 schools are still accepting college applications for admission this fall. According to the National Association for College Admission Counseling (NACAC), hundreds of schools are still actively searching for new freshmen and transfer students to fill out their classes. If you missed your deadlines, didn’t get into the schools you hoped, or are just starting your college application process, there are spots open in states across the country, as well as schools in Canada, the UK, Australia, Germany, and more. The schools range in size, from the 1,000 students at Wesleyan College (GA) to the more than 20,000 students at West Virginia University. Even the large state schools like Oregon State University and Arizona State University are still accepting students for this upcoming year.There are a limited number of spots at these colleges, however. Some are accepting as few as 10-15 students, though that shouldn’t be a deterrent, according to Hofstra director of undergraduate admissions Claire Fitzgibbon. â€Å"There’s no reason that you couldn’t be one of those people,† she says, especially considering the number of potential candidates left. While these schools are still accepting students, it’s still important to research the same important details and considerations you would at any other time during the application process. Location, size, and financial aid are just as important when applying to college, even if applications are late.The list of school,published by NACAC, will be available until July 1st. If you are planning on applying late, it’s important to contact the school to speak with an admissions officer, just to clarify all important details and deadlines for admission. Before you invest time and and effort into applications, make sure that colleges are still accepting applications. Though applying to college this late might not be the most ideal situation, it’s still good to know that hundreds of great public and private colleges and universities are still open for admission. If you’re looking for help understanding what it takes to get in, search our database of thousands ofaccepted college application files. You can read essays, stats, and get advice from students who have already gotten in.

Free Essays on Zero Tolerance

In Bedford, Texas, a 16-year-old honor student was expelled after a security guard noticed a kitchen knife on the floor of the student's car. The knife apparently had fallen unnoticed as the student carted some of his grandmother's possessions to Goodwill. He was ordered to spend a year in a juvenile-justice education program and banished from district property and school-sponsored activities. In Deer Lakes, Pennsylvania, a kindergarten student was suspended for bringing a toy axe to school. Zero tolerance is a policy concerning issues in today's society that are thought to be extremely dangerous. The three main focuses of the policy are incidences of violence, drugs, and alcohol. Zero tolerance treats children as if they were adults, and removes the "innocent until proven guilty" philosophy on which our country thrives. This policy could be extremely harmful to the lives of the students it affects and, "[...] disrupts the lives and educations of good students nearly as often as it does those of troubled students." This happens by treating all offenses dealing with the aforementioned issues and all students equally, even if the student has had a flawless record and had obviously no harmful intent (Starr 1). Before the zero tolerance idea came about, the school system treated discipline in a completely different manner. Each student would be evaluated based on their prior record, where and when the incident occurred, and what the circumstances were surrounding the incident. If a student was a relatively good kid with no past disciplinary actions taken against him or her, they were much more likely to have a punishment that actually taught them something, rather than creating a sense of resentment towards the school authorities, and "the system" in general. Before the era of zero tolerance, a kid with a great future ahead could not screw it all up by making one simple mistake. The line that zero tolerance crosses is one of intent. Z... Free Essays on Zero Tolerance Free Essays on Zero Tolerance In Bedford, Texas, a 16-year-old honor student was expelled after a security guard noticed a kitchen knife on the floor of the student's car. The knife apparently had fallen unnoticed as the student carted some of his grandmother's possessions to Goodwill. He was ordered to spend a year in a juvenile-justice education program and banished from district property and school-sponsored activities. In Deer Lakes, Pennsylvania, a kindergarten student was suspended for bringing a toy axe to school. Zero tolerance is a policy concerning issues in today's society that are thought to be extremely dangerous. The three main focuses of the policy are incidences of violence, drugs, and alcohol. Zero tolerance treats children as if they were adults, and removes the "innocent until proven guilty" philosophy on which our country thrives. This policy could be extremely harmful to the lives of the students it affects and, "[...] disrupts the lives and educations of good students nearly as often as it does those of troubled students." This happens by treating all offenses dealing with the aforementioned issues and all students equally, even if the student has had a flawless record and had obviously no harmful intent (Starr 1). Before the zero tolerance idea came about, the school system treated discipline in a completely different manner. Each student would be evaluated based on their prior record, where and when the incident occurred, and what the circumstances were surrounding the incident. If a student was a relatively good kid with no past disciplinary actions taken against him or her, they were much more likely to have a punishment that actually taught them something, rather than creating a sense of resentment towards the school authorities, and "the system" in general. Before the era of zero tolerance, a kid with a great future ahead could not screw it all up by making one simple mistake. The line that zero tolerance crosses is one of intent. Z...

The Ultimate AP US History Study Guide

The Ultimate AP US History Study Guide SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Studying for AP US History is an exercise in memorization and critical thinking. Multiple-choice questions in this course will ask you to read and analyze documents based on your historical knowledge. Essay questions require similar skills, but with the added challenge of synthesizing your ideas into a coherent argument that incorporates outside knowledge and evidence presented by the test. In this AP US History study guide, I'll give you all the resources and strategies you need to prepare for not only the AP exam, but any test that comes your way in this course! What’s the Purpose of This AP US History Study Guide? This guide will help you prepare for the AP test and other assessments you encounter throughout the school year.It includes instructions for creating an effective study plan, some useful study tips, an overview of the content covered in the course, and a list of resources for practice questions.This is a one-stop-shop for all the information you need to master the material covered in AP US History. Creating a Study Plan for AP US History You should start studying sooner rather than later for this test because there’s so much information to remember.Ideally, you’ll build on knowledge throughout the year and regularly review to avoid forgetting earlier parts of the course.I’d recommend doing a holistic review after each in-class exam that covers everything you’ve learned up to that point.Begin your final review for the AP test in March or April so you have a month or two to spread out your studying. Here's an essential step-by-step prep process that I recommend for the test: Step 1: Take a Full Practice Test (3 Hours 15 Minutes) The first step is to take a practice test under realistic conditions. Time yourself in accordance with the real AP test, and write out both essays completely. Put a mark next to any multiple-choice questions that required you to guess - it's important to go over this information later even if you happen to guess correctly.When you’re done, score the test to see how well you would do on the real AP exam if you took it right now. Depending on how much you're hoping to improve your score, you may have to budget in more or less study time.If you’re already scoring close to a 5 (or a low 5), you might complete these steps once and find that you’re satisfied with your results (about a 10-12 hour commitment).If you’re scoring two or more AP points lower than you would like, however; you should probably plan to go through this process several times. Step 2: Catalog Your Mistakes and Guesses (1 Hour) After you score the test, go through your mistakes and lucky guesses.Try to categorize the mistakes by content area so you can see patterns and determine which parts of the course you need to study most.Once you’ve identified what you need to study, you can move on to reviewing the actual content.Make a list in descending order of the topics that correspond to the highest number of missed multiple-choice questions and missed points on essay/short answer questions. Step 3: Study Relevant Content Areas and Practice Multiple Choice Questions (2 Hours) Use the list you made in the previous step to guide your review of the content.Start with the areas where you just need a little refresher, and work your way up to the big issues you had on the diagnostic test.When you’re satisfied that you’ve fixed the gaps in knowledge that led to your errors, you should do some practice multiple-choice questions to make sure you really know your stuff (find them in review books or on one of the sites listed later in this article!). Step 4: Practice Planning and Writing Essays (2 Hours) You need to practice writing essays before you take the test so that you feel comfortable with the time constraints and requirements.This is especially true when it comes to the document-based question, which has a unique format.After examining the problems with your essays from the original diagnostic test, practice your skills on additional free-response questions.For the sake of saving time, you don’t necessarily need to write out entire essays, but you should at least make rough outlines that include all the components of a successful essay.That being said, if you struggled a lot with time on the initial test, I would recommend going through another timed free-response section in full so that you can practice moving more quickly. Step 5: Take a Second Full Practice Test (3 Hours 15 Minutes) After you’ve gotten more familiar with the material, take a second full practice test to assess your progress.If you find that you’ve improved to a satisfactory level, you might stop there and just do light review until the exam.If you’re still not happy with your results, repeat this process, and make sure you’re really absorbing the material as you study.The next section will give you some more tips for studying effectively! Always time practice tests to the specifications of the AP exam! You have to get used to thinking and writing quickly. AP US History Study Tips These tips will help you get the most out of your time as you go through the process outlined in the previous section. This exam assesses your historical knowledge in a different way than other tests you may have taken in the past. Make sure your study methods lend themselves to the format! Tip #1: Make Thematic Connections The ultimate goal of AP US History is for you to be able to connect individual events to the main themes of the course and draw conclusions about historical trends based on your analysis.As you study, don’t just look at events in isolation.Examine how they relate to other events of the time and how they might have resulted from different cultural and political attitudes.What were the outcomes of particular events and how and why did they feed into different, larger trends?Ask yourself to dig deeper. Thiswill help you on in-class assessments and the AP test. Tip #2: Read and Repeat When you read content notes for AP US History, you may think you have a fact committed to memory but forget it when it comes up on a test. Pause every couple of minutes, and try to remember the facts that you just reviewed without looking back at your notes. You’ll know immediately if you’re not absorbing the information.If you’re having trouble remembering a particular fact, try to make a distinctive connection with something else that's easier to remember. For example, let’s say you were trying to remember which items were taxed by the Townshend Acts.It was glass, lead, paint, paper, and tea. You could think of the mnemonic GuLPP iT to remember them.It also makes sense because all of the taxes were repealed except for the one on tea, which you can gulp!I know this sounds super weird, but I find the weirder the method of remembering something, the more likely it is to stick in your mind. Tip #3: Practice Writing Essay Questions The free-response section is the biggest challenge on the AP exam because you have to plan and write two coherent essays over the course of less than two hours.It’s imperative that you do lots of practice before the test to prevent your essays from being disorganized or lacking in focus.You can consult the College Board site for links to past AP US History free-response questions. Make sure you always have a strong thesis statement and all the points in your essay relate directly back to it.Plan out your essay before you start writing to keep yourself on track.Try to include relevant outside knowledge, but ONLY if it pertains directly to your argument and the subject of the question. Don’t just spew out everything you know about the topic! Write your practice essays in illegible cursive with a fountain pen. It's what the founding fathers would have wanted. Themes in AP US History AP US History covers history in what is now the United States from 1491 to the present.There are seven main themes (covering 19 different learning objectives) in the course that connect events throughout this 500+ year period.For each of these themes, I’ll briefly go over the skills you're expected to master so you can study strategically: Theme 1: American and National Identity Explain how ideas of democracy, freedom, and individualism factored into the development of American political institutions, cultural values, and identity. Explain how various interpretations of the Constitution and debates over which rights are granted to which groups have affected American society and politics. Analyze how American national identity changed with US involvement in international conflicts and the expansion of the country. Analyze relationships between different regional, social, and ethnic groups in the US, and explain how their various experiences relate to the country’s national identity. Theme 2: Politics and Power Explain how and why political ideas and institutions have developed and changed over time. Explain how reform groups and other activists have sought to change American society and institutions. Explain how differing views on the role of the federal government in the social and economic lives of Americans have impacted political debates and policies. Theme 3: Work, Exchange, and Technology Explain the development of labor systems and how they have impacted the lives of US workers and society as a whole. Explain how patterns of exchange, markets, and private businesses have developed, and analyze governmental responses to economic issues. Analyze how technology has impacted economic development and society as a whole. Theme 4: Culture and Society Explain how religious groups and ideas have affected American politics and society. Explain how artistic, philosophical, and scientific ideas have developed and shaped society and institutions. Explain how ideas about gender roles and women’s rights have affected society and politics. Explain how different group identities (ethnic, racial, class, regional) have emerged and changed over time. Theme 5: Migration and Settlement Explain the causes of migration to colonial America and, later, the US, and analyze the effects of immigration on US History. Analyze patterns of internal migration and settlement in what would become the US and how this has impacted American life. Theme 6: Geography and the Environment Explain how geographic and environmental factors have shaped the development of communities in the US and analyze how debates about natural resources have impacted group interactions and government policy. Theme 7: America in the World Explain how different types of interactions between empires, nations, and peoples have influenced political, social, and economic developments in North America. Analyze the reasons for and results of US diplomatic, economic, and military initiatives elsewhere in the world. Look at all these themes! It's like being at a theme park minus the scents of fried food and despair! Also, I HIGHLY doubt this roller coastercould pass a safety inspection. AP US History Content: Notes and Outlines Now, I’ll give you notes on the course content so that you can study the facts and connect them to the themes and learning objectives!The content is divided into nine different historical periods.Under each, I will list important topics with links to notes. Every period also includes a link to at least one timeline of significant events. I think it's helpful to have these handy so you get a better grasp of the chronology (which will be very helpful on free-response questions). The timelines are from APstudynotes.org, and the rest of the notes are from a different site called APnotes.net. I choose to source the notes from the second site because it gives a more succinct overview of the content, with key dates and major events bolded. It's good for a quick review. I'd recommend looking at the chapter outlines on APstudynotes.org if you want to see a longer, more detailed description of historical trends and events. Period 1: 1491-1607 Timeline of Significant Events â€Å"New World† beginnings Early English settlement Period 2: 1607-1754 Timeline of Significant Events Settlement of the Northern colonies Colonial society leading up to the Revolution The fight for control of North America Period 3: 1754-1800 Timeline of Significant Events (1750-1775) The road to the American Revolution Timeline of Significant Events (1775-1800) Seceding from the British Empire The Confederation and the Constitution Starting up a new government Period 4: 1800-1848 Timeline of Significant Events (1800-1825) The Jeffersonian Republic Nationalism and the second war for independence Formation of a national economy Timeline of Significant Events (1825-1850) The rise of a mass democracy The ferment of reform and culture Controversy over slavery Period 5: 1844-1877 Timeline of Significant Events Manifest destiny and its legacy The sectional struggle Leading up to the Civil War Civil War Part 1 Civil War Part 2 Reconstruction Period 6: 1865-1898 Timeline of Significant Events Politics in the Gilded Age Industrial progress Development of cities Agricultural revolution and the West American imperialism Period 7: 1890-1945 Timeline of Significant Events (1900-1920) America on the world stage Progressivism and Theodore Roosevelt’s presidency Wilsonian progressivism at home and abroad World War I Timeline of Significant Events (1920-1945) The Roaring Twenties Economic Boom and Bust The Great Depression and the New Deal FDR Presidency and the Road to WW2 World War II Period 8: 1945-1980 Timeline of Significant Events (1940-1960) Start of the Cold War Eisenhower Era Timeline of Significant Events (1960-1970) Political and social unrest in the sixties Timeline of Significant Events (1970-1980) Stagnation in the seventies Period 9: 1980-Present Timeline of Significant Events (1980-1990) Resurgence of Conservatism Timeline of Significant Events (1990-2000) Clinton presidency and post-Cold War era Timeline of Significant Events (2000-Present) The start of the new century Quick Reference Sheets: APUSH Teacher Creations: Interactive timeline of major historical events in the US through 2015 Full study guide with terms CourseNotes: Political parties in US History Important political documents in US History Important Supreme Court cases Spacious skies, amber waves of grain, etc. Resources to Test Your Knowledge Here some print and online resources that you can use to review for the AP test and smaller portions of the curriculum throughout the year: Review Books A few books we recommend are: Cracking the AP US History Exam Kaplan AP US History 2016 AP US History Crash Course Read the full article on the best review books for APUSH for more details! Official College Board Materials These practice questions come directly from the College Board, so they're the most accurate representations of what you can expect on the real test. Try to save these resources for later in your studying so you can get an accurate reading on your strengths and weaknesses when you're close to the exam. FRQs 2001-2015 2015 Practice Exam 1996 Official Released Exam Unofficial Practice Materials Quizlet Flashcards and QuizzesThese are student-created sets of flashcards that cover every aspect of AP US History.You can study different sets depending on where you are in the course or which areas need the most improvement.After you study the terms, you can play games to review them and test your factual recall! Mini Practice Quizzes for AP US History You’ll find practice quizzes for every topic covered in the course here.There are multiple choice questions and, for some topics, â€Å"short answer† questions (you’re given a drop-down menu of 12 answer choices).These won’t help much with the more analytical elements of the test, but if you want to test your knowledge of facts, they'll serve you well. Learnerator AP US History Practice Quizzes This is a series of quizzes on every topic in the curriculum.As you go through them, the site will display stats detailing how you fared on questions of varying difficulty levels.This should help you figure out whether you’ve mastered the material. GetaFive AP US History Course You can sign up for free for this service and enroll in the AP US History course.There are lots of practice questions and video lessons that may be helpful in your studying. Practice Quizzes for The American Pageant 12th Edition This site has chapter-by-chapter practice quizzes organized around an old edition of The American Pageant textbook.Questions are multiple choice and true-false.Again, this is more helpful for factual recall than for analysis questions. CourseNotes Practice Quizzes for AP US History This site has six pages of multiple-choice quizzes on all the topics you need to know for the exam! Varsity Tutors AP US History Practice Quizzes Varsity Tutors has short multiple-choice practice quizzes on every topic as well. Matching and Multiple Choice Short Practice Quizzes This site has sets of matching and multiple choice questions for every period in US History. They've got questions; YOU'VE got answers! Conclusion AP US History covers seven major themes across nine periods. It's hard to study this much material, which is why it's good to have a game plan! To recap, the steps I'd recommend you take in your studying are: Step 1: Take a Full Practice Test Step 2: Catalog Your Mistakes Step 3: Study Relevant Content Areas and Practice Multiple-Choice Questions Step 4: Practice Planning and Writing Essays Step 5: Take a Second Full Practice Test You can repeat these steps as necessary depending on how much you need to improve! As you review, also keep a few key tips in mind: Tip #1: Make Thematic Connections Tip #2: Read and Repeat Tip #3: Practice Writing Essays Frequently Use the notes provided in the content overview and the resources in the last section to get yourself up to speed. Start studying for the final exam at least one or two months beforehand, so you aren't forced to cram! What's Next? Want more practice for document-based questions? We wrote a whole article on the best resources for document-based questions that you can use in your studying. Are you applying to colleges that recommend or require submission of Subject Test scores? Read this article to learn more about the differences between AP tests and SAT Subject Tests. You can also check out our complete study guide to the SAT US History Subject Test.If you take it right after the AP US History exam, you might not need to study much at all! Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

The grieving process Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The grieving process - Essay Example determinants of grief differ according to various factors such as significance attributed to the loss, circumstances surrounding the loss, and utilization of support networks. The grieving process and stages features in Elisabeth Kubler-Ross book, On Death and Dying (1969). Although, the five stages can be regarded as universal, they do not necessarily follow a linear order. Sadness (feelings of pain and sorrow) is the prominent feeling experienced in grief triggered by feelings of emptiness or despair, although distracted by denial, anger, guilt, and fear, which trigger defense mechanisms (Shives, 2008). Shock is mainly an initial response to loss as the individual seeks emotional protection from the overwhelming loss. Most individuals rationalize the loss with numbed disbelief, in an effort to escape from reality (Webb, 2011). The denial and isolation plays out when individuals perceive it to be a mistake. Denial is predominantly a temporary defense followed by isolation. Individuals normally replace denial with feelings of frustration, rage, resentment, and envy. Anger is a common response to feelings of frustration, abandonment, or powerlessness (Webb, 2011). The anger may be directed towards self, God, or life due to the perceived injustices occasioned by the loss. Pain and guilt features less extreme self-reproach regarding things that the griever feels failed to do prior to the loss (Timby, 2009). Bargaining stems from the realization that the individual cannot derive much from anger, and thus opts to make a last ditch negotiation with fate and God. This is heralded by feelings of helplessness and vulnerability. The patient or individual normally reverts to some form of childhood response. Bargaining in this case may feature an endeavor to downplay loss demonstrated by an alteration in behavior (Webb, 2011). Depression arises when the individual can no longer deny or ignore the loss as the feelings of immense loss sinks in, and anger and

The contribution of black women to the African American freedom Essay

The contribution of black women to the African American freedom struggle between 1865 and 1940 - Essay Example Gates et al. (2012; p.492) state that â€Å"political participation has been a fundamental constant in the lives of African American people† and this statement is verifiable by the great testaments of the struggle for freedom and justice that black men and women have portrayed and displayed with relentless and enduring determination in the past. Sheriff et al. (2011; p.432) observe that the beginnings of the African American struggle are outlined in the people’s quest for independence from dominance, supremacy of the other and slavery. Certainly, the role of black women in carrying this vision, guiding it towards its realization and ensuring that the struggle for independence evolves into the achievement of equality has been critical and of immense importance. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the contributions of black women to the African American freedom struggle by directing specific focus towards the analysis of the period lasting between 1865 and 1940. The discussion in the succeeding sections of the paper aims to establish a critical view of the role that black women played in achieving the aims that were advanced by early writers, journalists, historians, leaders and freedom fighters between 1865 and 1940. ... The adoption of this framework throughout the progress of the analysis essentially enhances the comprehensiveness and depth of the research by suggesting that the actions of a human being cannot be understood in their entirety unless the fundamental role that various systems, entities and organizations play in dictating those behaviors and decisions is fully acknowledged and realized (Gates 2012; p.493). Therefore, in comprehending the actions of black women that were fundamentally motivated by their desire for freedom, equality and independence their intersectional positioning within the wider context of society is of the utmost importance. Consequently, by implementing the foundations of this approach the one-dimensionality and generality of exclusively assessing a single individual is removed such that the individual does not essentially depict the true story of the black women’s role in the African American struggle for freedom and the hardships they had to suffer during t he course of their journey. In accordance with the observations of this framework of analysis the foundations of black women’s historical role in the political advancement of African American agenda is said to be an amalgamation of racism and sexism (Gates 2012; p.494). Collier-Thomas and Franklin (2001; p.2) suggest that even though, stories which reflect the selfless participation of African American women in the civil rights movement have only come to light by writers and researchers in recent decades these assessments have provided a comprehensive view of the state of black women in various epochs which is indicative of their tremendous progress to the present day. The foremost aspect in the critical evaluation of the contributions of black women in the African American freedom struggle

Challenges to Female Entrepreneurs | Research

Challenges to Female Entrepreneurs | Research INTRODUCTION Background of the Study Entrepreneurship as a research field attracts the interest of many researchers because it is a tool of development for many economies in the world (Creamer, 2006), Likewise views on feminism today are vast as they are varied and contentious, (Ikoku, 2002), which explains the increasing attention of Female Entrepreneurship in the recent years (Jamali,2009). Not only does female entrepreneurship contribute to economic growth and employment creation, but it is increasingly recognized to also enhance the diversity of entrepreneurship in any economic system (Verheul et al., 2006) and to provide avenues for female expression and potential fulfillment (Jamali,2009; Eddleston and Powell, 2008). The investigation of the factors that leads particular people to become entrepreneurs instead of others has been a question of many researches. So, many researchers have tried to understand the reasons leading those people to entrepreneurship. Toward that direction, theories and models (Leahey, 2006) were developed, and focused on the intentions that make people undertake entrepreneurship action, because the intentions are the best predictor factor for the future behavior of a person, such as the foundation of an enterprise (Krueger, 2005). So it is supported, that by formulating fundamental theories for the entrepreneurial intentions, we can explain a basic peace of the field of entrepreneurship as it affects genders. Institutional theory has been viewed as a fruitful theoretical lens in the context of female entrepreneurship research (Baugh et al., 2006). Drawing on institutional theory, Scott (1995) enumerates salient regulative, normative and cognitive pillars of institutions, which promote stability and predictability in social behavior, through compliance with codified laws. Of course there are some factors that contribute to the prediction of the entrepreneurial intentions such as the attitude and the degree of desirability toward that behavior and the level of the feasibility (Krueger, 2005). Davidson (2005) mentioned other factors defining the intentions of entrepreneurship such as propensity to action, personal convictions and other demographic variables such as gender, age, educational level and economic environment. 1.2 Women in Business The 20th century has been a period of rapid change for many women, but life for women in some parts of the world still remains harsh. However, women are getting a vital role in the global market as entrepreneurs, they play a large and growing role in the US, Canada and UK. Hisrick Ozturk,(1999) attributed their success to access to greater support from women mentors and role models and easier access to formal training in the principles of business planning and organization. Whereas, women in developing countries face obstacles such as lack of access to education and training, access to finance as well as discrimination and lack of respect or not being taken seriously (Woldie adersua,2004;Ezeaku Ozigbo, 2009). Globally, it is estimated that women account for 25-33 percent of all businesses (National Foundation of Women Business Owners, 1998). Whilst in the UK and the USA, they account for 26 and 33 percent of business start-ups respectively, surprisingly, in the Sub- Saharan Africa it is 80 percent (Kitching and Woldie, 2004).Despite the high contribution in Africa, their needs seem to be overlooked and largely hidden within the informal sector compared to their male counterparts (Mordi et al.,2009). The subject of womens career development has become increasingly important as the percentage of the Nigerian labour force that is female has increased from 11.2% two decades ago to 40.4% today (Federal office of statistics) and the proportion is expected to increase further (Nakhaie, 2007). Although there have been some women in managerial positions during the last decade, the number has been painfully few in the light of the fact that over forty percent of the work force are women. Nigerian Economy Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa, and accounts for half of West Africas population, and over 25 percent of Sub- Sahara Africa (SSA) (Nkamnebe, 2008). It is populated with over 150 million inhabitants, of which, over half of the population 15-64 years is young and active (C. I. A, 2010), still the country is characterized with poverty and is on the increase. For instance, poverty increased from 35 million people in 1985, to 39 million people in 1992; 67 people in 1996; and 74 million people in 1999. In addition, Human Development Programme indicates that 70.8 percent and 92.4 percent of Nigerian population live below US$1 (N117) and US$2 (N234) daily respectively (UNDP,2007). This claim supports the ranking of Nigeria among less developed nations of the world (UNDP, 2007). The Nigerian labour market has been characterized by high rate of unemployment, low wage and poor working conditions. This unwholesome situation evolved after the oil boom of the 1970s and remained so till date (Nnanna, Alade and Odoko, 2003). Prior to the oil boom, the Nigerian economy was largely agrarian and about 70% of the working population was engaged in agricultural activities in the rural areas. Wage rates were also comparable to international standards and the average Nigerian worker could afford decent living. In the 1960s, the emphasis of employment policies was that of shifting labour from the agricultural sector to the manufacturing sector. This appeared to be the natural path of economic growth and development, following the experienced of the developed countries (Ajakaiye, 2001). However, the Nigerian peculiarities of land tenure system, tenancy and the very rudimentary processes of farming made it extremely difficult to deploy substantially advance technology in the sector. Moreover, at that time economic policies concentrated more on the development of the manufacturing sector, under the much touted import-substitution strategy. Rather, labour moved from the agricultural sector to the services sector, with little productivity gains. Both agriculture and manufacturing lost out. The issue of sustainable development in the Third World like Nigeria has been a growing concern to both the government and the private sector. The government had invested so much money on this platform over the years but has not yielded any meaningful result. It has been realized in the recent years that there are limits to which the government alone can promote development especially with Nigerian peculiar developmental challenges due to maladministration, corruption, unstable macroeconomic regime and unpredictable fiscal policies by successive administrations (Fasua, 2006). Thus, both the public and the private sectors of the economy need to be involved in the industrial development process of the country. It is on this basis that government begins to engage in privatization policy with the view of allowing the private sector to participate in the economic development of the nation (Olu, 2009). The weak economy itself choked out several business enterprises and curtailed employment opportunities. Staff retrenchment became pervasive, starting first in the private sector and later the public sector. The unemployment was more problematic in the urban areas, as shown in the following chart (CBN, 2003). Nwoye (2007) further suggested that the best way to stimulate the economic system is by mobilizing energy, expertise and resource in Small and Medium Enterprises which will increase productivity, and ultimately improve the social life and economic welfare. The author was also concerned about the attainment of economic growth when half the population being female gender is marginalized in policy planning and economic resource management matters. Moreover, with women comprising of 52 percent of Africas estimated 805 million population, womens empowerment is of the essence for Africa sustainable growth. This claim is applicable to Nigeria which is the most populous country in Africa. 1.3 Research Gap Research on female business owners is extensive in the industrialised economies, especially the United States and Canada (Lerner, Brush and Hisrich, 1997), which has helped the development and needs of the female entrepreneurs. Most of the research reflects the characteristics, experiences and challenges of female entrepreneurs in the western world (Kitching and Woldie, 2004; Carter, 2000), However, a limited number of studies have been undertaken to investigate these issues in the developing countries (Mordi et al., 2010). Despite the extent of female entrepreneurs in involvement in new business formation, the economic impact of women led businesses has been down-played (Carter et al.,2002): Female entrepreneurship is an under-researched area with tremendous economic potential and one that requires special attention (Henry, 2002) Thus, there has been a growing call by scholars for studies in non- Western context to deepen our knowledge of the socially constructed nature of female entrepreneurs. In response to this research gap, the author chooses Nigeria as the scope of analysis. Aims and Objective of the Research The aim of the study is to take a deeper look at the problems faced by female entrepreneurs in Nigeria focusing on gender effects and other factors in the environment. The following objectives are formulated to guide the investigation: To identify factors in the business environment that affects the development and survival of female entrepreneurs in Nigeria. To ascertain if the issue of female gender marginalization in Nigeria affects entrepreneurial ability of women. To determine whether family roles have any effect on female entrepreneur performance in Nigeria. To determine if there is any relationship between gender and entrepreneurial skill in Nigeria. To ascertain whether culture and beliefs affect the performance of female entrepreneurs in Nigeria The dissertation deals with the problem of female entrepreneurs in Nigeria. The unit of analysis is the gender. The focus is on individual and organizational shortcomings of nascent and young entrepreneurs and their ventures and employs a theoretical framework that allows for addressing these managerial problems by adopting an evolutionary perspective. Research Questions The following research questions are formulated to guide the investigation: Are there factors in the business environment that affects the development and survival of female entrepreneurs in Nigeria? Does the issue of female gender marginalization in Nigeria affects entrepreneurial ability of women? Do family roles have effect on female entrepreneur performance in Nigeria? Is there any relationship between gender inequality and entrepreneurial skill in Nigeria? Do culture and beliefs affect the performance of female entrepreneurs in Nigeria? Research Hypotheses For the purpose of this study, it is important to test the following hypotheses: Hypothesis I Ho: The issue of female gender marginalization in Nigeria has no effects on entrepreneurial ability of women. Hi: The issue of female gender marginalization in Nigeria has effects on entrepreneurial ability of women. Hypothesis II Ho: There is no relationship between the family roles and female entrepreneurs performance in Nigeria. Hi: There is relationship between the family roles and female entrepreneurs performance in Nigeria. Hypothesis III Ho: Gender inequality is not significant to female entrepreneurial ability in Nigeria Hi: Gender inequality is significant to female entrepreneurial ability in Nigeria Significance of the Study This is significant to many people in many areas. In this light, the study is relevant because it seeks to provide entrepreneurial guideline and gender development procedure that would lead to effective attainment of national objectives in terms of economic growth and reduction of unemployment in Nigeria. To the female gender the study would serve as eye opener in terms of discovering their entrepreneurial potentials despite the influence of culture and beliefs. The conclusions can be used both in the evaluation of the current system concerning entrepreneurship as well as in the formation of new strategies in the entrepreneurship in tertiary education. It would provide students in higher-institutions with sound knowledge and give them avenue to the understanding the need for venturing into entrepreneurial activities, how, why and when entrepreneurial skills acquired tertiary institutions should be implemented. Finally, the study would serve as a veritable source of information for individuals, youths irrespective of gender and the government, on how to harvest the rich benefit of entrepreneurship in the national building and economic development. 1.7 Scope of the Study In view of the fact that the study of problems faced by female entrepreneurs involves all and sundry and cannot be exhausted in this research. It therefore becomes necessary to define the scope of the study. The scope of this study is female entrepreneurs and graduates on National Youth Corps Service (NYSC) in Lagos area of Nigeria, 2010. Therefore, this research is an empirical examination of entrepreneurship problems in Nigeria and entrepreneurial skills among graduates on NYSC; analysis by gender; it will go beyond theoretical approach to evaluate entrepreneurs problems and gender effect on entrepreneurship to generate further insight. 1.8 Structure of the Dissertation This study is divided into five parts. Chapter one is the introductory which highlights the statement of the identified problems, objectives, research questions and significance of the study, etc. Chapter two contains a detailed review of literature on key concepts of entrepreneurship, gender influence on entrepreneur performance and problems faced by female entrepreneurs in Nigeria. Chapter three discusses the research design, data collection methods, sample size determination, questionnaire design and administration, etc. In chapter four, the presentation and analysis of data and the testing of hypotheses are carried out. The results and interpretation are presented. Chapter five is the concluding part of the study, where reasons are given for the results obtained from the research. Conclusions, recommendations, and suggestions are made for improvement based on the research findings. 1.9 Definition of Terms Entrepreneur: Is the innovating individual, who initiates and nurtures to growth a new and an on going business organisation, where none existed before. Entrepreneurial Skill: The potential and ability of an individual to initiate and nurtures a new business to growth, expertly. Development: Is defined as gradual advancement through progressive stages of growth from within Capital Venture: Is a form of long term investment for start-up companies and growing businesses that have the potential to develop into significant economic contributors. Gender: Nature of human being that depict sex which is made of male and female. Graduates: Young Schools leavers especially those from higher institution of learner (i.e. universities, polytechnic and colleges, etc) National Youth Corps Service: A compulsory one year work experience program for graduates in Nigeria

An Indian’s View of Indian Affairs: A Speech by Chief Joseph

Sunju Han History 152 Document Analysis During the late nineteenth century, many changes have occurred during the Industrial Revolution. The living conditions in America were deteriorating for anyone who wasn’t in the upper social economic classes. Many complaints were arising from the masses. Of the population, two primary documents have been observed to express the point of views of particular groups they represent. One of these documents was from Chief Joseph of the Nez Perce Indians, from the Indian point of view. The other document was from the Populists Party, largely representing the farmers and working classes of the 1890s.The time period of both documents roughly range from the 1870s through the 1890s. Chief Joseph’s speech was called â€Å"An Indian’s View of Indian Affairs†. In his speech, he speaks from the Indian’s perspective of how they are treated and handled. One of the many issues he brings up is about the treatment of his people. He felt that his people are treated like animals and outlaws, being shot down or driven from country to country. The whites who have encroached on their land have driven off their cattle and horses. They also stole from the Indians. For example, whites would brand the Indian’s young cattle so that they can claim it as their own.Chief Joseph also felt the whites were causing problems on purpose in order to start a war between the whites and Indians. He pleads his case by stating how the Indians didn’t kill off the first white settlers that were having trouble surviving. Now they repay their thanks by causing trouble because they have the power to conquer the Indians. In the beginning, the Indians gave up some of their land foolishly believe they would be left alone but the more they gave, the more that was taken from them. He complains that his people aren’t getting treated like humans. Many whites saw them as savages that don’t know any other way than vio lence.In his speech he is taking an emotional approach in order to gain the sympathy of law enforcers, Congress or the President, or from the population. As Chief Joseph was stating how his people were treated, he also stated a general outline of the future he envisioned for his people. The future he envisioned consisted mainly of equality. He dreams of his people being treated like all the other men from the states. He pleads that everybody follows the same set of legislation in the land that they all share. He believes that anyone born of the earth was born a free man and should be given liberty.He wants his men to have an equal chance at life in general. The simple liberties like freedom to travel, work, trade where ever they choose, choice of teacher, or even following the religion of their fore fathers. The basic liberties stated in the very foundation of our country are what Chief Joseph is advocating for his people. He states that they will follow whatever laws set before the m if they can get a chance of being treated like a real man in this country. Joseph did indeed believe that Native Americans and whites could coexist in the United States.When the first white settlers appeared, he believed that they would all have the same set of morals and values. This was the basis of his belief in the coexistence of Indians and whites. His speech also depicts the very possibility of coexistence in exchange for equality. He believes that the Indians would have no problem or reason to cause conflict or trouble if these basic requests were met. He also believes that any man born in the same earth are all granted equal rights from the moment they were born. He states that he is simply reclaiming those rights in order to help better the living conditions his people are living in.He also believes that much of the bloodshed and war can be avoided if each party can be more honest with each other and compromise. The Populists were the first political insurgency, meaning t hat they were the first to radically go against the ideas of our nation’s political policies. They were the first political party that appealed to the farmers and the â€Å"producing class†, which included the industrial workers to the miners. They were the first party to bring up any political platform on issues that were for the general working class. Many of the other political parties would try to cover up the many problems present in our economy.They were the radicals that went against all the other political platforms, bring up issues that the big companies and industries try to overlook or cover up. The Populists believed that he nation found itself on the brink of â€Å"moral, political, and material ruin†. During those times corruption, bribery, and despotism was rampant everywhere around the whole world, not just the United States. The newspapers were bribed to be silenced, the public opinion didn’t matter anymore, and there was corruption in th e ballot boxes. The laborers were denied the freedom to form unions anymore. The currency flow was restricted by the mega-millionaires.There was no way of controlling the huge businesses to better the lives of the working class. These were some of the main issues that caused the Populists to believe that we were on the brink of â€Å"moral, political, and material ruin†. The two proposals put forth by the Populist Party that were significant were the right to form labor unions and the ownership of all transportation to the government. The right to form labor unions would become a sort of balancing process for the big companies. It would restrain the rampant companies from making their workers suffer from unfair and unjust working conditions.It would also provide a system of control that the large industries didn’t have before. The ownership of the railroads, telegraph, telephone, and post- office systems would create a universal fairness for the masses. Since it is a c rucial public necessity, a monopoly on any of these items could impact the whole country greatly. The government ownership of these systems would be for the general welfare of the people and create fees that can be affordable to the general masses and population throughout the United States. These are some of the issues and solutions stated in both Chief Joseph’s speech and the Populist platform.

Implementing A Debt Education Program - 1310 Words

An Alternative Solution to Fit Our Goals and Utilizing Available Resources Alternatively, more cost effective options are available, considering that the resources are already at our disposal. After careful consideration and investigating different options, we need the assistance of your division to reach as many students as possible, by promoting the tools and services that are available to assist our student’s financial needs. Student Affairs is appealing to Student Life for assistance because of your already strong relationships and outreach programs with students. While your department has the reputation of directly involving students through your events, our section finds it more difficult to connect with the students in such†¦show more content†¦We are appealing to your division as Student Life is already at the forefront of the student’s lives. We need your assistance to help make our students become knowledgeable about the tools they can use to manage their finances. Student Life is already involved with our freshman at orientation and we would appreciate if you can incorporate 15 to 30 minutes into the orientation presentation about what financial tools and services the university has to offer. We might not want to disseminate too much information at orientation, as it might seem overwhelming at that point to the students. We only want to bring these resources to our student’ s attention, informing them about upcoming events for money management throughout the year. We can reach other students that we do not connect with at orientation, through online promotions, such as Facebook and Twitter, on campus advertising, word of mouth, and events about developing money management skills. Again, the relevant marketing material is already at our disposal through CashCourse ®, however, we need the assistance of your team to help distribute and advertise the services. Facilitating Events: Another interesting feature through CashCourse ® is that they offer scavenger hunts. Student life could promote the scavenger hunt and assist with the execution of the events. The goal is to help students become familiar with the program throughout each

Old Smyrna - The Possible Home of Homer in Anatolia

Old Smyrna, also known as Old Smyrna Hà ¶yà ¼k, is one of several archaeological sites within the modern day limits of Izmir in Western Anatolia, in what is today Turkey, each reflecting early versions of the modern day port city. Prior to its excavation, Old Smyrna was a large tell rising approximately 21 meters (70 feet) above sea level. It was originally located on a peninsula jutting into the Gulf of Smyrna, although natural delta buildup and changing sea levels have moved the location inland about 450 m (about 1/4 mile). Old Smyrna lies in a geologically active region at the foot of Yamanlar Dagi, a now-extinct volcano; and Izmir/Smyrna has been subjected to numerous earthquakes during its long occupation. Benefits, however, include the ancient baths called the Agamemnon hot springs, found near the southern coast of Izmir Bay, and a ready source of building material for architecture. Volcanic rocks (andesites, basalts, and tuffs) were used to build many of the public and private structures within the town, alongside adobe mudbrick and a small amount of limestone. The earliest occupation at Old Smyrna was during the 3rd millennium BC, contemporaneous with Troy, but the site was small and there is limited archaeological evidence for this occupation. Old Smyrna was occupied fairly continuously from about 1000-330 BC. During its heyday in the mid 4th century BC, the city contained about 20 hectares (50 acres) within its city walls. Chronology Hellenistic period, ~330 BCVillage period, ~550 BCLydian Capture, ~600 BC, after which Smyrna was abandonedGeometric, strong Ionic influence by 8th century, new city wallProtogeometric, beginning ~1000 BC. Aeolic wares, probably a small anchorage of some kindPrehistoric, 3rd millennium BC, first habitation, prehistoric According to Herodotus among other historians, the initial Greek settlement at Old Smyrna was Aeolic, and within the first couple of centuries, it fell into the hands of Ionian refugees from Colophon. Changes in pottery from monochrome Aeolic wares to polychrome painted Ionic wares are in evidence at Old Smyrna by the early 9th century  and clear domination of the style by the beginning of the 8th century. Ionic Smyrna By the 9th century BC, Smyrna was under Ionic control, and its settlement was quite dense, consisting mainly of curvilinear houses packed tightly together. The fortifications were remodeled during the second half of the eighth century and the city wall extended to protect the entire south side. Luxury goods from across the Aegean became widely available, including export wine jars from Chios and Lesbos, and balloon amphorae containing Attic oils. Archaeological evidence suggests Smyrna was affected by an earthquake about 700 BC, which damaged both houses and the city wall. Afterward, curvilinear houses became a minority, and most architecture was rectangular and planned on a north-south axis. A sanctuary was constructed at the north end of the hill, and settlement spread outside the city walls up into the neighboring coast. At the same time, evidence for an improvement in architecture with volcanic block masonry, the apparently widespread use of writing, and remodeling of public buildings suggest new prosperity. An estimated 450 residential structures were located within the city walls  and another 250 outside the walls. Homer and Smyrna According to an ancient epigram Many Greek cities argue for Homers wise root, Smyrna, Chios, Colophon, Ithaca, Pylos, Argos, Athens. The most important poet of ancient Greek and Roman writers was Homer, the archaic period bard and author of the Iliad and the Odyssey; born somewhere between the 8th and 9th centuries BC, if he lived here, it would have been during the Ionian period. There is no absolute evidence for his birth location, and Homer may or may not have been born in Ionia. It seems fairly likely that he lived at Old Smyrna, or someplace in Ionia such as Colophon or Chios, based on several textual mentions of the River Meles and other local landmarks. Lydian Capture and the Village Period About 600 BC, based on historical documentation and a predominance of Corinthian pottery amongst the ruins, the prosperous city was attacked and captured by Lydian forces, led by the king Alyattes [died 560 BC]. Archaeological evidence associated with this historic event is shown by the presence of 125 bronze arrowheads and numerous spearheads embedded in demolished housewalls destroyed in the late 7th century. A cache of iron weapons was identified in the Temple Pylon. Smyrna was abandoned for some decades, and reoccupation seems to come about the middle of the sixth century BC. By the fourth century BC, the town was a flourishing port city again, and it was refounded and moved across the bay to New Smyrna by the Greek generals Antigonus and Lysimachus. Archaeology at Old Smyrna Test excavations at Smyrna were conducted in 1930 by Austrian archaeologists Franz and H. Miltner. Anglo-Turkish investigations between 1948 and 1951 by Ankara University and the British School at Athens were led by Ekrem Akurgal and J. M. Cook. Most recently, remote sensing techniques have been applied to the site, to produce a topographic map and record of the ancient site. Sources Flickrite Kayt Armstrong (girlwithatrowel) has amassed a collection of photos of Old Smyrna.Berge MA, and Drahor MG. 2011. Electrical Resistivity Tomography Investigations of Multilayered Archaeological Settlements: Part II – A Case from Old Smyrna Hà ¶yà ¼k, Turkey. Archaeological Prospection 18(4):291-302.Cook JM. 1958/1959. Old Smyrna, 1948-1951. The Annual of the British School at Athens 53/54:1-34.Cook JM, Nicholls RV, and Pyle DM. 1998. Old Smyrna Excavations: The Temples of Athena. London: The British School at Athens.Drahor MG. 2011. A review of integrated geophysical investigations from archaeological and cultural sites under encroaching urbanisation in Izmir, Turkey. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C 36(16):1294-1309.Nicholls RV. 1958/1959. Old Smyrna: The Iron Age Fortifications and Associated Remains on the City Perimeter. The Annual of the British School at Athens  53/54:35-137.Nicholls RV. 1958/1959. Site-Plan of Old Smyrna. The Annual of the Br itish School at Athens 53/54.Sahoglu V. 2005. The Anatolian trade network and the Izmir Region during the Early Bronze Age. Oxford Journal of Archaeology 24(4):339-361.Tziropoulou-Efstathiou A. 2009. Homer and the So-Called Homeric Questions: Science and Technology in Homeric Epics. In: Paipetis SA, editor. Science and Technology in Homeric Epics: Springer Netherlands. p 451-467.